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Halych metropoly.
(885 total words in this text)
(4942 Reads) 
A metropoly of the Ukrainian church established in 1303 in the
city of Halych. From around 1156 Halych (see princely Halych) had been the see
of Halych eparchy, for which a cathedral was built in 1157. When in 1299 the Kyivan
metropolitan Maximos transferred his see to Vladimir on the Kliazma, Prince Lev
Danylovych of Galicia-Volhynia demanded the creation of a metropoly in his principality.
Lev was concerned that the Kyivan metropolitan would be under the influence of
the Suzdal princes, and that he would be unable to devote attention to his distant
eparchies. But it was only during the reign of Lev's son, Prince Yurii Lvovych,
that the Byzantine emperor, Andronicus II Palaeologus, issued a bull and Patriarch
Athanasios of Constantinople a charter granting the establishment of the Halych
metropoly. At first it consisted of five eparchies: Volodymyr-Volynskyi eparchy,
Peremyshl eparchy, Lutske eparchy, Turiv eparchy, and Kholm eparchy. Little is
known about the first metropolitan, Niphont. He was succeeded by Metropolitan
Petro, who was consecrated metropolitan of Kyiv, Halych, and All Rus’ (1308–26),
with residence in Moscow (see History of the Ukrainian Church). The third metropolitan,
Gabriel, died shortly after his consecration. This initiated a period of crisis
as the new metropolitan of Kyiv, Theognostos, attempted to suppress the rival
metropoly and consecrated Gabriel's successor Theodore as only the bishop of Halych.
Theodore appealed to Patriarch John Calecas, and for a brief period succeeded
in acquiring the Halych see. Finally in 1347 the Kyivan metropolitan, supported
by Prince Simeon of Moscow, prevailed upon the new emperor John Cantacuzenus to
formally abolish the Halych metropoly; in 1355 its eparchies were transferred
to the newly created metropoly of Lithuania and Volhynia (see Lithuanian metropoly).
In 1370 the Polish king, Casimir III the Great, fearing the growing Lithuanian
influence in Galicia-Volhynia, dispatched a candidate named Antonii (see Metropolitan
Antonii) to Patriarch Philotheos for consecration as metropolitan of a renewed
and autonomous Halych metropoly. The patriarch agreed, and Antonii served as
metropolitan from 1371 to 1391, but with responsibility for only three eparchies.
Upon Antonii's death, the Polish king Jagiello tried to have Ivan, bishop of
Lutske, named as his successor, but this time the nomination was not confirmed
by the patriarch. Instead, in 1401 the Lithuanian metropolitan, Cyprian, was
confirmed as metropolitan of Kyiv, Halych, and All-Rus’ (see Metropolitan Cyprian).
At that time the Halych metropoly ceased to exist (in 1406 the eparchy too was
disbanded), and responsibility for local administration was given to vicars,
appointed first by the Kyiv metropolitan and from 1509 by the Roman Catholic
archbishop of Lviv, with the approval of the Polish king.
In 1539 the eparchy was re-established when Makarii Tuchapsky became bishop
of Halych, Lviv, and Kamianets-Podilskyi, with his see in Lviv. In 1700, under
Bishop Yosyf Shumliansky, the eparchy accepted the Church Union of Berestia.
After the partitions of Poland, Russian repression of the Uniate church (see
Uniates, Ukrainian Catholic church) in its newly acquired territories, which
included the de facto abolishment of the Uniate metropoly of Kyiv, led the Uniate
hierarchy to increase its efforts in securing the re-establishment of the Halych
metropoly in Austria-Hungary. This was facilitated by the more tolerant religious
policies of the Habsburg dynasty. In 1806 Emperor Francis I officially supported
these efforts, and on 17 April 1807 Pope Pius VII issued the bull In Universalis
Ecclesiae Regimine restoring the Halych metropoly with two eparchies (Lviv and
Peremyshl). In 1885 a new Stanyslaviv eparchy (now part of Lviv archeparchy)
was created, and in 1934 the Lemko Apostolic Administration was separated from
Peremyshl eparchy. The bishop of Peremyshl, Antin Anhelovych, was consecrated
as the first metropolitan. The Halych metropolitan was accorded the same rights
as the metropolitan of Kyiv as outlined in the 1596 bull of Pope Clement VIII,
Decet Romanum Pontificem. Anhelovych was metropolitan from 1807 to 1814. He
was succeeded by Mykhailo Levytsky (1816–58), Hryhorii Yakhymovych (1860–3),
Spyrydon Lytvynovych (1863–9), Yosyf Sembratovych (1870–82), Sylvester Sembratovych
(1885–98), Yuliian Kuilovsky-Sas (1899–1900), Andrei Sheptytsky (1900–44), and
Yosyf Slipy (1944–84), who was arrested by the Soviet authorities in Lviv in
1945 and imprisoned until 1963 when he was permitted to immigrate to Rome. The
successor of Slipy, Myroslav Liubachivsky (1984–2000), resided in Rome until
March 1991, when he moved to his see in Lviv; he was succeeded by Liubomyr Huzar
in January 2001. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Halych metropoly was a
major center of the cultural and civic life of Ukrainians in Galicia.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Harasiewicz, M. Annales Ecclesiae Ruthenae (Lviv 1862)
Pelesz, J. Geschichte der Union der Ruthenischen Kirche mit Rom, 2 vols (Vienna
1878, 1880)
Rudovych, I. Istoriia halytsko-l’vovskoi ieparkhii (Zhovkva 1902)
Ammann, A. Abriss der ostslawischen Kirchengeschichte (Vienna 1950)
Stasiw, M. Metropolia Haliciensis, 2nd edn (Rome 1960)
Nazarko, I. Kyivs’ki i halyts’ki mytropolyty: Biohrafichni narysy (1590–1960)
(Toronto 1962)
W. Lencyk
Source: http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com |
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